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CLSM · World History · Progress Check 3
The Scientific Revolution
Read the situation. Connect the ideas. Show how you know.
Name ___________________________Class __________ Date __________
01 Recall, then make a connection.
Model
Replication
Instrument
Explain how an instrument and replication can help evaluate a model. Why does a successful observation still require attention to what the instrument and comparison can actually establish?
Read the situation.
Galileo used telescopes to observe celestial phenomena and published findings in 1610. Observations of Venus’s full range of phases challenged the traditional Ptolemaic arrangement. They supported important changes in astronomical explanation, but those phases alone did not uniquely prove Earth’s motion: alternative models could also accommodate them. Evidence can rule out one model without settling every question.
02 Organize the information.
Repeat the measurement
In a fictional trial, an instrument gives readings 12, 14, and 13 units under the same stated conditions.
What is their mean?
Answer: __________________ units
Show the calculation, then explain what the result tells you in this model.
CLSM · World History · Progress Check 3
What does the evidence show?
The Scientific Revolution
03 Follow the evidence.
Check the result
Claim: “The reported observation is repeatable under suitable conditions.”
Select all evidence relevant to that claim.
Independent observers using adequate instruments record the same pattern.
The procedure and dates are described clearly enough to compare results.
The original observer is famous.
The notebook has an expensive binding.
Name the useful records and explain how they answer the claim.
04 Apply the idea.
What Venus’s phases establish
The supplied source note says the phases challenge the traditional Ptolemaic arrangement, but more than one alternative model can explain them.
Which conclusion is justified?
The evidence challenges that arrangement without uniquely proving every feature of one alternative.
The phases alone settle every question about Earth’s motion.
Evidence is useless whenever two alternatives remain.
Choose a conclusion and explain why it fits the situation.
05 Carry the idea forward.
Write an observatory report explaining how an instrument can change scientific inquiry. Use the Venus example, one reliability check, and a statement of what the evidence does not establish.